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Hydraulic Control Valve

Hydraulic valves control and direct the oil from the time it leaves , the pump until it starts on its return to the reservoir in a hydraulic circuit. The relief valve is almost always the first one encountered by the oil after it leaves the pump. From that point on throughout the circuit, the type of valve employed depends upon the design of the circuit. In a very simple circuit the second and only other valve used will probably be the master control valve. In a complex circuit the oil may flow through a sequence valve, master control valve, reducing valve, flow control valve, check valve and several others before it finally returns to the reservoir.

Hydraulic valves as used in industrial applications are built in several pressure ranges. The majority of present applications are in the range of 0 to 1500 lb per sq in., but the trend is toward higher pressures. Various types of valves are used in hydraulic systems to control or regulate the flow medium. Basically valves are expected to control:

Blocking or stopping of flow
Direction of flow
Pressure of flow media
Flow quantity

The various parameters that need to be controlled in the case of oil energy are as follows:

In a hydraulic machine the actuators make to and fro motion. Hence the direction of oil feeding the cylinder or motor needs to be reversed. This means that the direction of oil flow is an essential aspect of hydraulic operation. This is achieved by direction control valves.
Oil energy does the work due to pressure in the oil system. In a mechanical or hydraulic system there may be a need to increase or decrease the oil pressure depending on the specific requirement. Hence a group of valves called pressure control valves have been designed.
The speed of the actuators needs to be altered as per operational requirement. For this purpose hydraulic systems use flow control valves.

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